The method involves calibrating radiation signal (10) of a radiation sensor (9) using associated measured values without power output limitation of a photovoltaic system (2) by a feeder line (11). The radiation signal is supplied when the photovoltaic syst...

An alternating current (AC) voltage circuit is decoupled from a direct current (DC) voltage circuit during free-wheeling phases using switching elements (V1-V4) arranged in the direct current voltage circuit, so that free-wheeling current flows through one...

The system (1) has a transformer (12) to feed electrical energy from bus conductors (8, 9) into a power grid (2), and a controller (11) to adjust the voltage drop between the bus conductors. A current sensor (10) of each of a set of strings (5) reports whe...

The device (1) has a connection terminal (7) comprising an over-current protection unit that includes a power switch (9) for selectively disconnecting strings (2). A central insulation monitoring unit (15) detects an insulation status of the strings. The p...