Brazil's Central Bank, the Banco Central do Brasil (BCB), is responsible for Pix. It is the country's instant payment rail, launched in November 2020, that reduced peer-to-peer transaction costs to zero and processed R$ 26.5 trillion in 2024 alone, a 54% i...

I left a job in March 2025 after years of engineering and researching privacy and identity at the forefront of the KYC industry, more specifically with biometrics and liveness identification. KYC is the infrastructure built to verify who someone is before ...

Part 2 of 2. Part 1 covered the history of digital identity in Brazil and the data infrastructure that made industrial-scale fraud possible. This piece examines why fraud doesn't attack weak systems, but good ones, and what that means for every country bui...

Part 1 of 2. This piece covers the history of digital identity in Brazil and the data infrastructure that made industrial scale fraud possible. Part 2 covers how fraud co-evolves with digital infrastructure, and what that means for every country building d...