An improved Horizontal Situation Indicator module for use with an aircraft, wherein the HSI module is adapted for accepting Bank Angle Commands or waypoint data from a GPS flight module and for using the same to determine a heading error. The HSI module is...

A passive Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and method is based on receiving and processing Mode-S transponder messages without the TCAS computer having to interrogate the transponders of the respective aircraft flying in formation (i.e.,...

An angular rotation measuring apparatus and method is described. The apparatus comprises at least one dither frame formed of an upper sensor layer, the frame having a dither axis disposed parallel to the upper sensor layer and to a parallel lower handle la...