An integrated battery by incorporating battery elements (110), supercapacitor (112) elements, and miniaturized electronic controllers (103) within a single housing is devised. The supercapacitors provide a load leveling for the battery elements at both cha...

The present invention provides a high current pulse generator for DC powered devices. The generator includes batteries as the power source that charges supercapacitors as well as provides power to the loads as required. During charging, the supercapacitors...

Using the combination of batteries (201) and supercapacitors (207,208) to provide impulse, various all-in-one power tools driven by the impulse are devised. The impulse may be utilized in three ways, namely, to launch an object, to create an impact force, ...

Using thin-films of iron oxide as the active material of electrodes, supercapacitors are fabricated on various substrates in different shapes. By chemical oxidation the iron-oxide film is formed directly and conformably on the substrates in a short period ...

Deionizers using the electrode configurations of electrochemical capacitors are described, wherein the deionizing process is called capacitive deionization (CDI). During deionization, a DC electric field is applied to the cells and ions are adsorbed on the...