Operation of a car navigation system in which a menu is in a hierarchical structure can be performed by simple gestures. There is provided a method performed by a car navigation device having a memory unit (102) which stores an operation with respect to th...

Providing a dye-sensitized solar cell having high durability and thermal resistance, and preventing elution of a platinum group catalyst from a catalytic electrode: by surface-treating the catalytic electrode with (a) a specific sulfur material having a mo...