Torque pulsations generated in the torque of an engine are obtained from detection signals from a crankshaft angle detection sensor and an engine water temperature detection sensor at the time of an engine starting operation. A control unit controls an MG1...

The membrane electrode assembly 1 has an anode 10, a cathode 20, and an electrolyte membrane 30 disposed between the anode and cathode; the anode and cathode are gas diffusion electrodes; the electrolyte membrane contains a solid electrolyte in which a plu...

A physical amount estimating apparatus including first outputting means for outputting a first physical amount that does not include a hysteresis characteristic, second outputting means for outputting a second physical amount that has a predetermined physi...

A state of combustion in a combustion chamber is controlled by stratifying an intake gas charge within the combustion chamber, so as to reduce amounts of harmful substances left in exhaust gas. A direct-injection type internal combustion engine in which a ...

An NOx storage-and-reduction type catalyst is used which exhibits a saturated NOx storage amount of 5 g or more as NO2 with respect to 1 liter of a catalyst volume at 500 DEG C, and rich spiking is controlled so that an actual NOx storage amount of the NOx...

In solid polymer electrolyte having high-durability, comprising a polymer electrolyte material having a hydrocarbon part, a chelate group and an electrolyte group are introduced into the polymer electrolyte material. The chelate group contains a phosphonic...