Provided is a composite, including a metal nanoparticle inside a porous coordination polymer (PCP), in which the PCP is formed of a metal ion and an organic ligand.

Provided is an inexpensive and high-performance dye compound that does not use an expensive precious metal and does not require the use of a strong electron-withdrawing group. The compound is formed such that a boron substituent is introduced into a hetero...

Disclosed is an electrochemical device comprising: a negative electrode having a negative electrode material layer at least on a surface; a positive electrode having a positive electrode material layer at least on a surface; and a solid electrolyte dispose...