An object of the invention is to provide an electric heating type hot water heating apparatus which can efficiently perform heating and whose is size and weight are reduced, a vehicle air-conditioning apparatus provided therewith, and a vehicle. [0002] SOL...

The supplementary heater (2) is an active unit (e.g. an electrical machine) of the vehicle. It is connected to the engine or motor (1) cooling circuit. Its waste heat is at least partially given up to the cooling water. This heat is preferably used in temp...

The air conditioning system operates so that a heat exchanger (2) has a fluid/air mixture (F) pass over its surface, so that the command module (5) of the valve (4) feeds a fluid in order to change the temperature of the flux (F). The system includes a sec...