The method involves depositing an ink generating circular coffee ring structures (114) comprising a bead at the periphery, on a printing surface (8). The printing surface is an electrolytic membrane and a gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell. The ink drops...

What disclosed is formation of a protective coating having oxidation resistance and abrasiveness at a portion to be processed of a component main body by employing an electrode composed of a molded body molded form a mixed powder in which a powder of an ox...

Liquid with solvent and metal salt is used as sealant applied to the surface of a raw layer. The sealant is thermally converted into metal oxide when the solvent evaporates based on a heat supply after waiting for penetration into capillary spaces.