Disclosed are methods for fabricating a porosity gradient electrode. Also disclosed are porous electrodes. In this process, a single-phase mixture of scaffold-forming polymers dissolved in a solvent is driven into two-phases by a non-solvent, yielding a sc...

Described herein is a fuel-cell stack (20), which comprises a plurality of direct-alcohol fuel cells (FC) electrically connected together. Each cell (FC) has a miniaturized structure comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, an electrolyte set betw...

Gas distributor for polymer electrolyte fuel cells contains 4 layers, comprising a coarsely porous carbon carrier sheet with a porous hydrophobic layer on each side and a contact layer on one of these. Independent claims are also included for: (a) gas diff...